Q.1 Give historical perspective of teaching in Islam. Also discuss the position of teacher in Islamic history.
When a religion becomes complex, it must be adapted to
changing conditions in the process of development and development to the interpretation of its sacred texts and legal codes. Society requires religious experts and well versed scholars to explain, interpret and explain religious principles to people at this point in time. Religious academies known in the Christian world as seminaries and in the Muslim world as madaris (singular madrasa) fulfill the demand for religious scholars. There were no educational institutions in the Muslim world during the early period of Muslim history. The ulema (religious scholars) used mosques and their homes as learning facilities, where they brought together students and taught. Since books and written materials were not common, students should remember their teachers' lessons. Parchment or papyrus that were only held by rulers and aristocrats were the lectures written down. Teachers instructed students to remember every word in a book to reproduce it based on their memory if it is lost. Arabs were introduced to Chinese paper production techniques in 751 C.E. The first production plant for paper was established in Baghdad in 793 C.E.
The manufacturing of paper in the Muslim countries of Morocco and Grenada followed, from which Europe reached the art of making paper. The Turks took it to India in the 13th century. The production of paper made education revolutionary. Rare manuscripts that scholars and students could not access were now available. The scholars copied them and delivered them. Paper production also made administrative work easier and important events could be recorded on paper. The Baiul Hikmat (the house of Wisdom), further patronized by his succeeding Caliph el-Mammun, was founded by Abbasid Caliph Haroon Ur Rachid in the early 9th century C.E. It was a higher education institute in which well-known scholars have been appointed to conduct research and translations of Greek and Indian philosophy. Christians, Jews, Indians and Muslims were among these scholars. The scientist that worked there, AlMamoon also created an observatory.
There was an excellent library of rare manuscripts and books in the institute. Halagu Khan who invaded Baghdad burned down the Institute in 1258. It was told that the water turned black by the .........................................................................................
Q.2 Critically analyze the educational philosophy of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Enlist his services in cause of education.
Q.3 Write a detail note on the nature of guidance derived from the Holy Quran.
Q.4 Explain the term “Islamization”. Discuss the four main themes of Islamic Educational Conference.
Q.5 Write a comprehensive note on the curriculum suggested by Shah Waliullah.
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